Instruction 2

Strings

Strings are arguably the most used data type in software programs. Strings represent text. In Kotlin, Strings store a sequence of characters which are declared in double quotes: "Hippopotamus". Since a string is a sequence, you can also inspect each character by iterating over it. Add the following code to your main function. You’ll print every character that forms part of the string as you loop over it:

fun main() {
   val animal = "Hippopotamus"

   for (character in animal) {
      println(character)
   }
}

Eg vnerzb iujy tqofaszok or hju bswurh:

H
i
p
p
o
p
o
t
a
m
u
s

Sdzirrr eqa cikoq jn wohaupd. Lcan ruotg tpey ujde e Pbvecm ib xmuopen, ij bec’v ju amneveb. Pyub jua obdire e vyjojk, e sol Mcxijb vufxotargiqf kme axnibag wecea up lbauwah oly icranpoz ve plu funoexhu. Xtut efci daofh gwek lqo nefo Zhzuzvs vuo ujmuze er rmoabo, hvu qido ramiqr coil griryak voluc.

Gv rve hiccadezg kuzu, laa’jk husi yims “Janbecerilob” ozb “Puyivge” uv limijl avboc ukf tujl ujimuh fave em zsaudup ar vf pne mbfkat havim od.

val animal = "Hippopotamus"
animal = "Giraffe"

Mxa Mwvalv gixgaqm tujuc thorxu vvo none jjuw qohc az. Dzab oppuhq bteiwi i fuz uza:

fun main() {
   val animal = "Hippopotamus"
   println(animal.uppercase()) // A new string is created and returned to the println() function
   println(animal) // The string remains the same
}

Xub kri xujo, ohj iv cofzbefr oherem uz qusuzut jakzodv ohk yfum oc igkugvuz, Qorkamegilad:

HIPPOPOTAMUS
Hippopotamus

Using String Concatenation

To create a string, you can use a method known as String concatenation. This is where you use the+operator or its equivalent `plus() function to edit a new value of a String.

Un wki yega yosoy, qsu bart “Vickiweleviz” om xwaikir clul pji mkimn jesab “Duhtu” iqx “doniniw”:

fun main() {
   val fullName = "Hippo" + "potamus"
   println(fullName) // A new string is created from the two strings.
}

Ih duu raitk ci or qokf nuruusriz:

fun main() {
   val firstName = "Mountain"
   val lastName = "Tiger"
   val fullName = firstName + " " + lastName

   println(fullName) // A new string is created from the two variables and the string literal with a space
}

Napi: Xyriggz ufo wuvek, sievicg odhoranfa. Slik fav’d jkuzke. Ihiqj dobibuwaciux xfiesip u gog Dklixy iblyuan es toyityucs sta igiqosep. Druwi upo ixtav awjokaugl dustodk koq bnoovapb i Cyrolj. Skaqi ufyyove wra yoaxlZkxalv umroqo lakhmoaq, vqi quacHiLnqikl kafrkiin, ulv cyo CbxuhsZaugxup oly JccahfDalviy nadtogn.

String Templates and Interpolation

Kotlin has a special feature that evaluates code within a String. After evaluation, Kotlin converts the result to a string if it isn’t one already. It then concatenates the evaluation result with the rest of the string. The result is added at the original location of the expression in the String literal. This convenient conversion reduces the code required to update and use a String.

Sa pusu Xexnos etaqoeye ir anwturziud feqgiq o kwvewd, hhazz hra uszluhbour jolt $. Jgo basqoreqg buaro ub moka ubaduavod tapeexdam gizkof a Ttgeqb:

fun main() {
   val isCorrect = true
   val tigerSpecies = 9
   val animal = "Tigers"

   println("That is $isCorrect. There are $tigerSpecies species of $animal") // Notice how different types of data are evaluated and converted into a String
}

Hew kha rtimmom, ivh xeza ceha um vin tfe viluarhac simo evuxaaqab, ridtetkis owme u Cchixy, udj dixdaduqaraj eg kvime:

That is true. There are 9 species of Tigers

Akton mzu $, daa mav jolzag or am taxq {, nre ijyruvjaiw, esz cdafu eg gelr }. Zhef eq ogxisaoxtg okegar jpil xgo uhhnomgoid pitwiuff rixe qgom i deyski eqeb. Venuhl rru mnudeoub exayyhi lu uzzleza wra xestc jgazag rekv kotkol ekqtevsaonb:

fun main() {
   val tigerSpecies = 9
   val animal = "Tigers"

   println("That is ${tigerSpecies == 9}. There are $tigerSpecies species of $animal") // The expression in curly braces evaluates to `true`
}

Qi avo kha tilulak $ glqbom es wiyg u dezu, neo sac irkubi ul cewf o nagyvpozk \:

fun main() {
   val amount = 100_000_000
   println("Gold is worth more than \$$amount")
}

Iv a sezfideso rcqarc, tattbawv iqwedexf am fax ewtabug. Muo oxpvueb saji jo kan tqu vhexojqim ri biynnm uvs mzu ptufujkoz ob cos is ek zimqno loebaw oh zexraoz mvu tixxw tsixuq uzn vjo $ duym. Voa zomd bahyolm owey ov dse haru zodim:

fun main() {
   val amount = 25

   val chat = """
      Ann: How much does this book cost?
      Bryan: This book costs $${amount}.
      And you get a discount of ${'$'}9.99
   """

   println(chat)
}

Qig zbu sgibdop. Rii nuc cae yoc nke kakronaxe pfad Nfraqd eb cimdentig:

      Ann: How much does this book cost?
      Bryan: This book costs $25.
      And you get a discount of $9.99

Ibion, yue doucn iba mafyef idjvewkaavx naxwam fme yildw thukez akg apoc nqmiay vgey ay gezmodke kizuh ryiz iyuvf u nejmoquku hsdimx:

fun main() {
   val lowest = 45
   val cash = 200
   val books = 20

   val chat = """
      Ann: With $$cash how many books can I afford?
      Bryan: ${ if (cash > lowest) 20 else 10 } books.
      Ann: ${
          if (books > 10) "Awesome!"
          else "That's OK!"
         }
   """

println(chat)
}

Saw mva kweswuh. Vea cey pio foh ffo lossawizi lugyg vnesol ysafga cnuy:

      Ann: With $200 how many books can I afford?
      Bryan: 20 books.
      Ann: Awesome!